Learning Solid State Physics involves a certain degree of maturity, since it involves tying together diverse concepts from many areas of physics. The objective is to understand, in a basic way, how solid materials behave. To do this one needs both a good physical and mathematical background.

Mar 17, 2016 - Hello I am having a really bad semester with solid state physics. I will recommend two Dover books by Walter Harrison. The lecture notes (effectively a draft) that formed the book are available for free here - http://www-thphys.physics.ox.ac.uk/people/SteveSimon/condmat2012/LectureNotes2012.pdf. The field of solid state theory, including crystallography, semi-conductor physics, and various applications in chemistry and electrical engineering, is highly relevant to many areas of modern science and industry. Professor Harrison's well-known text offers an excellent one-year graduate course in this active and important area of research.

One definition of Solid State Physics is it is the study of the physical (e.g. The electrical, dielectric, magnetic, elastic, and thermal) properties of solids in terms of basic physical laws.

In one sense, Solid State Physics is more like chemistry than some other branches of physics because it focuses on common properties of large classes of materials. It is typical that Solid State Physics emphasizes how physics properties link to electronic structure. We have retained the term Solid State Physics, even though Condensed Matter Physics is more commonly used. Condensed Matter Physics includes liquids and non-crystalline solids such as glass, which we shall not discuss in detail. Modern Solid State Physics came of age in the late thirties and forties, and had its most extensive expansion with the development of the transistor, integrated circuits, and microelectronics.

Most of microelectronics however is limited to the properties of inhomogeneously doped semiconductors. Solid State Physics includes many other areas of course; among the largest of these are ferromagnetic materials, and superconductors. Just a little less than half of all working physicists are in Condensed Matter. A course in Solid State Physics typically begins with three broad areas: (1) How and why atoms bind together to form solids, (2) Lattice Vibrations and Phonons, and (3) Electrons in Solids.

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One would then typically apply the above to (4) Interactions especially of electrons with phonons, (5) Metals, the Fermi Surface and Alloys, (6) Semiconductors, (7) Magnetism, (8) Superconductivity, (9) Dielectrics and Ferroelectrics, (10) Optical Properties, (11) Defects, and (12) Certain other modern topics such as layered materials, quantum Hall effect, mesoscopics, nanophysics, and soft condensed matter. In this book, we will consider all of these.

• • • In, the electronic band structure (or simply band structure) of a describes the range of that an within the solid may have (called energy bands, allowed bands, or simply bands) and ranges of energy that it may not have (called or forbidden bands). Band theory derives these bands and band gaps by examining the allowed quantum mechanical for an electron in a large, periodic lattice of atoms or molecules. Band theory has been successfully used to explain many physical properties of solids, such as and, and forms the foundation of the understanding of all (transistors, solar cells, etc.). Showing how electronic band structure comes about by the hypothetical example of a large number of carbon atoms being brought together to form a diamond crystal. The graph (right) shows the energy levels as a function of the spacing between atoms. When the atoms are far apart (right side of graph) each atom has valence atomic orbitals p and s which have the same energy.

However when the atoms come closer together their orbitals begin to overlap. Due to the Pauli Exclusion Principle each atomic orbital splits into N molecular orbitals each with a different energy, where N is the number of atoms in the crystal. Since N is such a large number, adjacent orbitals are extremely close together in energy so the orbitals can be considered a continuous energy band. A is the atomic spacing in an actual crystal of diamond.

At that spacing the orbitals form two bands, called the valence and conduction bands, with a 5.5 eV band gap between them. Animation of band formation and how electrons fill them in a metal and an insulator The electrons of a single, isolated atom occupy each of which has a discrete. When two or more atoms join together to form into a, their atomic orbitals overlap. The dictates that no two electrons can have the same quantum numbers in a molecule.